Whistle-blowing: when to tell, sentence 4
Speaking up can cost you friends, which is why it takes courage; for a child today, it means knowing your trusted adults and using your voice for people and animals who have none.
Who acts: Speaking, friends, courage, people · What happens: speak up, cost, be, mean, know, trust · To what, where: friends, you, trusted adults, voice, none · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Whistle-blowing: when to tell» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Speaking, friends, courage, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Speaking | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 cost | csubj |
| 2 | up | up | ADP | _ | 1 Speaking | compound:prt |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 cost | aux |
| 4 | cost | cost | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 cost | iobj |
| 6 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 cost | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 takes | punct |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 takes | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 takes | cop |
| 10 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 takes | advmod |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 takes | nsubj |
| 12 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 friends | acl:relcl |
| 13 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 takes | obj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 means | punct |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 child | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 child | det |
| 17 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 means | obl |
| 18 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 child | nmod:unmarked |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 child | punct |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 means | nsubj |
| 21 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 cost | parataxis |
| 22 | knowing | know | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 means | ccomp |
| 23 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 adults | nmod:poss |
| 24 | trusted | trust | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 adults | amod |
| 25 | adults | adult | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 knowing | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 using | cc |
| 27 | using | use | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 knowing | conj |
| 28 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 voice | nmod:poss |
| 29 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 using | obj |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 31 people | case |
| 31 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 using | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 animals | cc |
| 33 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 people | conj |
| 34 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 have | nsubj |
| 35 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 people | acl:relcl |
| 36 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 35 have | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 cost | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak up speech: other | gerund | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | cost | can | Speaking | friends | you | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme you=Beneficiary friend=Value | |||
| 3 | is | present | friends | take property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | mean | present | courage | for a child today | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | know | gerund | your trusted adults | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer adult=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | trust | participle | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | use | gerund | your voice | for people and animals | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent voice=Theme for people=Eventuality | ||||
| 8 | have | present | people and animals | none | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:045-whistle-blowing-when-to-tell.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/45-whistle-blowing-when-to-tell/4/