Getting old: how long people and animals live, sentence 0
Every living body slowly wears out as the years go by: skin gets thinner and wrinkly, bones get weaker, cuts heal more slowly, and doctors can help people stay well for longer but nobody can stop growing old.
Who acts: living body, years, skin, bones, cuts, doctors · What happens: wear out, go by, get, heal, help, stay · To what, where: thinner, people
This is a sentence of the lesson «Getting old: how long people and animals live» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (living body, years, skin, bones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 body | det |
| 2 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 body | compound |
| 3 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 wears | nsubj |
| 4 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 5 wears | advmod |
| 5 | wears | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | out | out | ADP | _ | 5 wears | compound:prt |
| 7 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 go | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 years | det |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 go | nsubj |
| 10 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 wears | advcl |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 go | compound:prt |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 gets | punct |
| 13 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gets | nsubj |
| 14 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 wears | conj |
| 15 | thinner | thinner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gets | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 wrinkly | cc |
| 17 | wrinkly | wrinkly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 thinner | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 get | punct |
| 19 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 get | nsubj |
| 20 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 gets | parataxis |
| 21 | weaker | weak | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 20 get | xcomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 heal | punct |
| 23 | cuts | cut | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 heal | nsubj |
| 24 | heal | heal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 gets | parataxis |
| 25 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 26 slowly | advmod |
| 26 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 24 heal | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 help | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 help | cc |
| 29 | doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 help | nsubj |
| 30 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 help | aux |
| 31 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 heal | conj |
| 32 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 help | obj |
| 33 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 help | xcomp |
| 34 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 33 stay | advmod |
| 35 | for | for | ADP | _ | 36 longer | case |
| 36 | longer | long | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 33 stay | obl |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 40 stop | cc |
| 38 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 40 stop | nsubj |
| 39 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 stop | aux |
| 40 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 help | conj |
| 41 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 40 stop | xcomp |
| 42 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 growing | xcomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 wears | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wear out | present | every living body | slowly property | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | go by | present | the years | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | get | present | skin | thinner | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thinner=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | get | present | bones | weak property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | heal | infinitive | cuts | slowly property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | help | can | doctors | people | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 7 | stay | infinitive | people not said here | for longer; well property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | stop | can | nobody | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 9 | grow | gerund | nobody not said here | old property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:052-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/52-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live/0/