Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature, sentence 4

Why we must die at all is one of the biggest questions there is: Christians believe death is not the end because Jesus rose from the dead, other faiths have their own answers, many non-religious people say death is simply part of nature, and grown-ups do not have all the answers.

Who acts: we, biggest questions, Christians, death, Jesus, other faiths · What happens: die, be, believe, not be, rise, have · To what, where: all, one, end, dead, own answers, part · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, biggest questions, Christians, death), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 die	advmod
2	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 die	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 die	aux
4	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 one	csubj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 die	obl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 one	cop
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 questions	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 questions	det
11	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 questions	amod
12	questions	question	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 one	nmod
13	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	14 is	expl
14	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 questions	acl:relcl
15	:	:	PUNCT	_	17 believe	punct
16	Christians	Christian	PROPN	Number=Plur	17 believe	nsubj
17	believe	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 one	parataxis
18	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 end	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 end	cop
20	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	22 end	advmod
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 end	det
22	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 believe	ccomp
23	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 rose	mark
24	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 rose	nsubj
25	rose	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 end	advcl
26	from	from	ADP	_	28 dead	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 dead	det
28	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 rose	obl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 rose	punct
30	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 faiths	amod
31	faiths	faith	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 have	nsubj
32	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 believe	conj
33	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 answers	nmod:poss
34	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 answers	amod
35	answers	answer	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 have	obj
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 say	punct
37	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 people	amod
38	non-religious	non-religious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 people	amod
39	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 say	nsubj
40	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 have	conj
41	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 part	nsubj
42	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	44 part	cop
43	simply	simply	ADV	_	44 part	advmod
44	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 say	ccomp
45	of	of	ADP	_	46 nature	case
46	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 part	nmod
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 have	punct
48	and	and	CCONJ	_	54 have	cc
49	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	51 ups	amod
50	-	-	PUNCT	_	51 ups	punct
51	ups	up	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 have	nsubj
52	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	54 have	aux
53	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	54 have	advmod
54	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 believe	conj
55	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	57 answers	det:predet
56	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	57 answers	det
57	answers	answer	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 have	obj
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 one	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	die	must	we		all		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	is a	present		one		of the biggest questions	tree rules
3	be	present	the biggest questions not said here		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	believe	present	Christians				vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
5	not is a	present	death	the end			tree rules
6	rise	past	Jesus		the dead		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from dead=Initial_Location
7	have	present	other faiths	faiths's own answers			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Patient
8	say speech: assert	present	many non-religious people				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
9	is a	present	death	part		of nature; simply property	tree rules
10	grow	participle					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
11	not have	present · do-support	grown ups	all answers			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Patient
12	answer		faiths = faith				nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/4/