Souls, ghosts and stories, sentence 4

When Ella's cousin says her grandma's ghost visits at night, she is most likely dreaming of Grandma or feeling close to her, which is a normal part of missing someone and nothing to be afraid of.

Who acts: cousin, normal part, grandma · What happens: say, dream, feel, be, miss, ghost · To what, where: ghost visits, normal part, someone · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Souls, ghosts and stories» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cousin, normal part, grandma), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	SCONJ	_	5 says	mark
2	Ella	Ella	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 cousin	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Ella	case
4	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 says	nsubj
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 dreaming	advcl
6	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 grandma	nmod:poss
7	grandma	grandma	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ghost	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 grandma	case
9	ghost	ghost	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 visits	compound
10	visits	visit	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 says	obj
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 night	case
12	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 visits	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 dreaming	punct
14	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 dreaming	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 dreaming	aux
16	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	17 likely	advmod
17	likely	likely	ADV	_	18 dreaming	advmod
18	dreaming	dream	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 Grandma	case
20	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 dreaming	obl
21	or	or	CCONJ	_	22 feeling	cc
22	feeling	feel	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 dreaming	conj
23	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 feeling	xcomp
24	to	to	ADP	_	25 her	case
25	her	her	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 close	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 part	punct
27	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	31 part	nsubj
28	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 part	cop
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 part	det
30	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 part	amod
31	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 dreaming	parataxis
32	of	of	SCONJ	_	33 missing	mark
33	missing	miss	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	31 part	acl
34	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	33 missing	obj
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 nothing	cc
36	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	34 someone	conj
37	to	to	PART	_	39 afraid	mark
38	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	39 afraid	cop
39	afraid	afraid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 nothing	acl
40	of	of	ADP	_	39 afraid	obl
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 says	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
hedged: yes
teacher: changed polarity=pos, hedge=1

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ella's cousin	ghost visits		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent visit=Topic
2	dream	present · progressive	cousin		of Grandma; likely property	vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
3	feel	gerund	cousin not said here		close property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
4	is a	present		a normal part		tree rules
5	miss	gerund	a normal part not said here	someone		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus
6	is	to-infinitive	a normal part not said here		afraid property	tree rules
7	ghost		cousin's grandma			nom ghost «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:074-souls-ghosts-and-stories.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/74-souls-ghosts-and-stories/4/