Why cheating hurts the cheat, sentence 16
Paying someone to write your essay steals credit and lies to the teacher: "You shall not steal" (Exodus 20:15); universities treat it as serious cheating.
Who acts: Paying, You, universities, your · What happens: pay, write, steal, lie, not steal, treat · To what, where: someone, essay, credit · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why cheating hurts the cheat» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paying, You, universities, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paying | pay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 steals | csubj |
| 2 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 1 Paying | obj |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 write | mark |
| 4 | write | write | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Paying | xcomp |
| 5 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 essay | nmod:poss |
| 6 | essay | essay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 write | obj |
| 7 | steals | steal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 treat | parataxis |
| 8 | credit | credit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 steals | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 lies | cc |
| 10 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 steals | conj |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 teacher | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 teacher | det |
| 13 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lies | obl |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 steal | punct |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 steal | punct |
| 16 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 steal | nsubj |
| 17 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 steal | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 steal | advmod |
| 19 | steal | steal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 lies | parataxis |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 steal | punct |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 Exodus | punct |
| 22 | Exodus | Exodus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 steal | parataxis |
| 23 | 20:15 | 20:15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 Exodus | flat |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 Exodus | punct |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 1 Paying | punct |
| 26 | universities | university | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 treat | nsubj |
| 27 | treat | treat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 treat | obj |
| 29 | as | as | ADP | _ | 31 cheating | case |
| 30 | serious | serious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 cheating | amod |
| 31 | cheating | cheating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 treat | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 treat | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pay | gerund | someone | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | write | to-infinitive | your essay | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent essay=Theme | |||||
| 3 | steal | present | Paying | credit | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location credit=Theme | ||||
| 4 | lie | present | Paying not said here | to the teacher | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not steal in a quote | shall | You | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | treat | present | universities | credit | as serious cheating | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent it=Theme as cheating=Attribute | |||
| 7 | essay | your | nom essay «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:094-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat/16/