Saturn and its rings, sentence 4

The rings have gaps swept clear by the pull of Saturn's moons, and they slowly lose ice that rains into the planet, so scientists still argue about how old they are.

Who acts: rings, ice, scientists · What happens: have, sweep, lose, rain, argue, be · To what, where: gaps, ice, planet, moons

This is a sentence of the lesson «Saturn and its rings» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rings, ice, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rings	det
2	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
5	swept	sweep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 gaps	acl
6	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 swept	xcomp
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 pull	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 pull	det
9	pull	pull	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 swept	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 moons	case
11	Saturn	Saturn	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 moons	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 Saturn	case
13	moons	moon	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 pull	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 lose	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 lose	cc
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 lose	nsubj
17	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	18 lose	advmod
18	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	conj
19	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 lose	obj
20	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 rains	nsubj
21	rains	rain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 ice	acl:relcl
22	into	into	ADP	_	24 planet	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 planet	det
24	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 rains	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 argue	punct
26	so	so	ADV	_	29 argue	advmod
27	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 argue	nsubj
28	still	still	ADV	_	29 argue	advmod
29	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	parataxis
30	about	about	ADP	_	32 old	case
31	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	32 old	advmod
32	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 argue	obl
33	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 old	nsubj
34	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 old	cop
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the rings	gaps				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gap=Patient
2	sweep	participle		gaps not said here			by the pull of Saturn's moons; clear property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by pull=Trajectory
3	lose	present	rings = ring	ice			slowly property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Eventuality
4	rain	present	ice		the planet			vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
5	argue speech: disagree	present	scientists			still		vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	is	present	rings = ring				old property	tree rules
7	pull			Saturn's moons				nom pull «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:012-saturn-and-its-rings.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/12-saturn-and-its-rings/4/