Saturn and its rings, sentence 8
Saturn's rings are made of countless chunks of water ice, from tiny grains to pieces as big as a house, and the ice makes them shine brightly, as fresh snow does; dark rock would look much dimmer.
Who acts: ice, rings, fresh snow, dark rock · What happens: make, shine, do, look · To what, where: rings
This is a sentence of the lesson «Saturn and its rings» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ice, rings, fresh snow, dark rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saturn | saturn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 rings | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Saturn | case |
| 3 | rings | ring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 made | aux:pass |
| 5 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 chunks | case |
| 7 | countless | countless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 chunks | amod |
| 8 | chunks | chunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 ice | case |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ice | compound |
| 11 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 chunks | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 grains | punct |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 grains | case |
| 14 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 grains | amod |
| 15 | grains | grain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 chunks | nmod |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 pieces | case |
| 17 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 grains | nmod |
| 18 | as | as | ADV | _ | 19 big | advmod |
| 19 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 grains | amod |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 house | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 house | det |
| 22 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 big | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 makes | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 makes | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 ice | det |
| 26 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 makes | nsubj |
| 27 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 made | conj |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 makes | obj |
| 29 | shine | shine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 makes | xcomp |
| 30 | brightly | brightly | ADV | _ | 29 shine | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 does | punct |
| 32 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 35 does | mark |
| 33 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 snow | amod |
| 34 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 does | nsubj |
| 35 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 shine | advcl |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 look | punct |
| 37 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 rock | amod |
| 38 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 look | nsubj |
| 39 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 look | aux |
| 40 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 does | parataxis |
| 41 | much | much | ADV | _ | 42 dimmer | advmod |
| 42 | dimmer | dimmer | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 40 look | xcomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | Saturn's rings | of countless chunks of water ice from tiny grains to pieces | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | make | present | the ice | rings = ring | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | shine | infinitive | rings = ring not said here | brightly property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | do | present | fresh snow | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | look | would | dark rock | dimmer property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:012-saturn-and-its-rings.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/12-saturn-and-its-rings/8/