Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets, sentence 3
Now and then one of these icy bodies falls in towards the Sun and becomes a comet: a dirty snowball a few kilometres across that warms up and grows a glowing head and tails, like breath steaming on a cold morning.
Who acts: one, dirty snowball, breath · What happens: fall in, become, warm up, grow, glow, steam · To what, where: Sun, comet, glowing head
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, dirty snowball, breath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 falls | advmod |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 falls | cc |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 one | advmod |
| 4 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 falls | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 bodies | case |
| 6 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 8 bodies | det |
| 7 | icy | icy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 bodies | amod |
| 8 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 one | nmod |
| 9 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADV | _ | 9 falls | advmod |
| 11 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 13 Sun | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Sun | det |
| 13 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 falls | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 becomes | cc |
| 15 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 falls | conj |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 comet | det |
| 17 | comet | comet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 becomes | xcomp |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 comet | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 snowball | det |
| 20 | dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 snowball | amod |
| 21 | snowball | snowball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 comet | appos |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 kilometres | det |
| 23 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 kilometres | amod |
| 24 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 across | obl |
| 25 | across | across | ADV | _ | 21 snowball | advmod |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 warms | nsubj |
| 27 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 snowball | acl:relcl |
| 28 | up | up | ADP | _ | 27 warms | compound:prt |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 grows | cc |
| 30 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 warms | conj |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 head | det |
| 32 | glowing | glow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 head | amod |
| 33 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 grows | obj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 tails | cc |
| 35 | tails | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 head | conj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 breath | punct |
| 37 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 breath | case |
| 38 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 grows | obl |
| 39 | steaming | steam | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 breath | acl |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 43 morning | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 morning | det |
| 42 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 morning | amod |
| 43 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 steaming | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 falls | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall in | present | one of this icy bodies | the Sun | now | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards sun=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | become | present | one of this icy bodies not said here | a comet | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | warm up | present | a dirty snowball | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | grow | present | a dirty snowball not said here | a glowing head and tails | like breath | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location head=Theme | |||
| 5 | glow | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | steam | gerund | breath not said here | morning | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:015-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/3/