How stars live, sentence 12
No red dwarf in the universe has yet died of old age, because the universe, about 13.8 billion years old, is far younger than their lifespans.
Who acts: red dwarf, universe · What happens: die, be
This is a sentence of the lesson «How stars live» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (red dwarf, universe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 3 dwarf | det |
| 2 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 dwarf | amod |
| 3 | dwarf | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 died | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 universe | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 universe | det |
| 6 | universe | universe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dwarf | nmod |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 died | aux |
| 8 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 9 died | advmod |
| 9 | died | die | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 age | case |
| 11 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 age | amod |
| 12 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 died | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 universe | punct |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 26 younger | mark |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 universe | det |
| 16 | universe | universe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 younger | nsubj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 universe | punct |
| 18 | about | about | ADV | _ | 20 billion | advmod |
| 19 | 13.8 | 13.8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 billion | compound |
| 20 | billion | billion | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 years | nummod |
| 21 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 old | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 universe | amod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 younger | punct |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 younger | cop |
| 25 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 younger | advmod |
| 26 | younger | young | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 died | advcl |
| 27 | than | than | ADP | _ | 29 lifespans | case |
| 28 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 lifespans | nmod:poss |
| 29 | lifespans | lifespan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 younger | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 died | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | die | present · perfect | no red dwarf in the universe | of old age; yet | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient of age=Causer | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the universe | than dwarfs's lifespans; far, young property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:018-how-stars-live.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/18-how-stars-live/12/