How stars live, sentence 5
Stars are born inside huge cold clouds of gas and dust called nebulae, where clumps collapse under their own gravity.
Who acts: huge cold clouds, clumps · What happens: bear, call, collapse, cloud · To what, where: Stars, huge cold clouds, nebulae, own gravity, gas · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How stars live» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (huge cold clouds, clumps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 born | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 born | aux:pass |
| 3 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 7 clouds | case |
| 5 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 clouds | amod |
| 6 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 clouds | amod |
| 7 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 born | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 gas | case |
| 9 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 clouds | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 dust | cc |
| 11 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gas | conj |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 clouds | acl |
| 13 | nebulae | nebula | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 called | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 collapse | punct |
| 15 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 collapse | advmod |
| 16 | clumps | clump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 collapse | nsubj |
| 17 | collapse | collapse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 clouds | acl:relcl |
| 18 | under | under | ADP | _ | 21 gravity | case |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 gravity | nmod:poss |
| 20 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 gravity | amod |
| 21 | gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 collapse | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 born | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | present · passive | Stars | huge cold clouds of gas and dust | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | huge cold clouds of gas and dust not said here | nebulae | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | collapse | present | clumps | Stars's own gravity | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | cloud | gas and dust | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:018-how-stars-live.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/18-how-stars-live/5/