How stars die, sentence 3
The collapsed core can become a neutron star, only about 20 km across, as wide as a city, yet heavier than the Sun; spinning ones sweep radio beams past the Earth like a lighthouse, and we call them pulsars.
Who acts: collapsed core, spinning ones, we · What happens: collapse, become, spin, sweep, call · To what, where: neutron star, radio beams, Earth, beams · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How stars die» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (collapsed core, spinning ones, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 core | det |
| 2 | collapsed | collapse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 core | amod |
| 3 | core | core | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 become | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 become | aux |
| 5 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 star | det |
| 7 | neutron | neutron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 star | compound |
| 8 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 become | xcomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 km | punct |
| 10 | only | only | ADV | _ | 13 km | advmod |
| 11 | about | about | ADV | _ | 12 20 | advmod |
| 12 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 km | nummod |
| 13 | km | km | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 star | appos |
| 14 | across | across | ADV | _ | 13 km | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 city | punct |
| 16 | as | as | ADV | _ | 17 wide | advmod |
| 17 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 km | amod |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 city | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 city | det |
| 20 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 wide | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 heavier | punct |
| 22 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 23 heavier | cc |
| 23 | heavier | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 wide | conj |
| 24 | than | than | ADP | _ | 26 Sun | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Sun | det |
| 26 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 heavier | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 sweep | punct |
| 28 | spinning | spin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 ones | amod |
| 29 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 sweep | nsubj |
| 30 | sweep | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 heavier | advcl |
| 31 | radio | radio | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 beams | compound |
| 32 | beams | beam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 sweep | obj |
| 33 | past | past | ADP | _ | 35 Earth | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 Earth | det |
| 35 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 sweep | obl |
| 36 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 lighthouse | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 lighthouse | det |
| 38 | lighthouse | lighthouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 sweep | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 call | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 call | cc |
| 41 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 42 call | nsubj |
| 42 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 sweep | conj |
| 43 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 call | obj |
| 44 | pulsars | pulsar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 call | xcomp |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 become | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | collapse | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | become | can | the collapsed core | a neutron star | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | spin | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | sweep | present | spinning ones | radio beams | the Earth | like a lighthouse | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent beam=Theme past earth=Trajectory | ||
| 5 | call | present | we | beams = beam | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:019-how-stars-die.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/19-how-stars-die/3/