Black holes, sentence 7
Some very heavy stars collapse into black holes at the end of their lives, usually a few to a few dozen times the mass of the Sun; the Sun is far too light to become one and will end as a white dwarf.
Who acts: heavy stars, Sun · What happens: collapse, be, become, end · To what, where: black holes, one
This is a sentence of the lesson «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavy stars, Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 stars | det |
| 2 | very | very | ADV | _ | 3 heavy | advmod |
| 3 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 stars | amod |
| 4 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 collapse | nsubj |
| 5 | collapse | collapse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 holes | case |
| 7 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 holes | amod |
| 8 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 collapse | obl |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 end | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 end | det |
| 11 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 collapse | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 lives | case |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 lives | nmod:poss |
| 14 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 end | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 few | punct |
| 16 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 18 few | advmod |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 few | det |
| 18 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 collapse | conj |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 times | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 times | det |
| 21 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 dozen | amod |
| 22 | dozen | dozen | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 times | nummod |
| 23 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 few | obl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 mass | det |
| 25 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 times | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 Sun | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Sun | det |
| 28 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 mass | nmod |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 light | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Sun | det |
| 31 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 light | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 light | cop |
| 33 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 light | advmod |
| 34 | too | too | ADV | _ | 35 light | advmod |
| 35 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 collapse | parataxis |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 become | mark |
| 37 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 light | advcl |
| 38 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 become | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 end | cc |
| 40 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 end | aux |
| 41 | end | end | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 light | conj |
| 42 | as | as | ADP | _ | 45 dwarf | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 dwarf | det |
| 44 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 dwarf | amod |
| 45 | dwarf | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 end | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 collapse | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | collapse | present | some heavy stars | black holes | at the end of millimetres's lives | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | is | present | the Sun | far, light property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | become | to-infinitive | the Sun not said here | one | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient one=Result | ||||
| 4 | end | future | the Sun not said here | as a white dwarf | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:025-black-holes.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/25-black-holes/7/