How we know: measuring the sky, sentence 7

Astronomers measure distances to nearby stars by parallax: a star seems to shift slightly against far-off stars as Earth moves round the Sun; the farther apart the two places you look from, the bigger the shift.

Who acts: Astronomers, star, Earth, you · What happens: measure, seem, shift, move, look · To what, where: distances, stars, Sun, two places

This is a sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Astronomers, star, Earth, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Astronomers	astronomer	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 measure	nsubj
2	measure	measure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	distances	distance	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 measure	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 stars	case
5	nearby	nearby	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 stars	amod
6	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 distances	nmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 parallax	case
8	parallax	parallax	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 measure	obl
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 seems	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 star	det
11	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 seems	nsubj
12	seems	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 measure	parataxis
13	to	to	PART	_	14 shift	mark
14	shift	shift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 seems	xcomp
15	slightly	slightly	ADV	_	14 shift	advmod
16	against	against	ADP	_	17 far	case
17	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	20 stars	advmod
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	19 off	punct
19	off	off	ADP	_	17 far	compound:prt
20	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 shift	obl
21	as	as	SCONJ	_	23 moves	mark
22	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 moves	nsubj
23	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 shift	advcl
24	round	round	ADP	_	26 Sun	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 Sun	det
26	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 moves	obl
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 farther	punct
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 farther	det
29	farther	far	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 seems	xcomp
30	apart	apart	ADV	_	29 farther	advmod
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 places	det
32	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	33 places	nummod
33	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 farther	obl
34	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	35 look	nsubj
35	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 places	acl:relcl
36	from	from	ADP	_	35 look	obl
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 farther	punct
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 bigger	det
39	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	29 farther	advcl
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 shift	det
41	shift	shift	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 bigger	nsubj
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 measure	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	measure	present	Astronomers	distances		to nearby stars; by parallax	vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme distance=Value
2	seem	present	a star			far property	vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
3	shift	to-infinitive	a star not said here	stars		slightly property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
4	move	present	Earth		the Sun		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme round sun=Trajectory
5	look	present	you	the two places not said here			vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme place=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/7/