Mars, sentence 3
Long ago water flowed there in rivers and lakes; today it is frozen in ice caps and underground, and rovers like Curiosity and Perseverance search the old lake beds for signs of ancient life.
Who acts: water · What happens: flow, freeze, search, sign · To what, where: rivers, water, ice caps, old lake beds, ancient life
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mars» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 ago | advmod |
| 2 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 4 flowed | advmod |
| 3 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 flowed | nsubj |
| 4 | flowed | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 flowed | advmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 rivers | case |
| 7 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 flowed | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 lakes | cc |
| 9 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 rivers | conj |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 frozen | punct |
| 11 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 frozen | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 frozen | aux:pass |
| 14 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 flowed | parataxis |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 caps | case |
| 16 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 caps | compound |
| 17 | caps | cap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 frozen | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 underground | cc |
| 19 | underground | underground | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 caps | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 rovers | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 rovers | cc |
| 22 | rovers | rover | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 frozen | parataxis |
| 23 | like | like | ADP | _ | 24 Curiosity | case |
| 24 | Curiosity | curiosity | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 rovers | nmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 Perseverance | cc |
| 26 | Perseverance | Perseverance | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Curiosity | conj |
| 27 | search | search | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 22 rovers | parataxis |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 beds | det |
| 29 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 beds | amod |
| 30 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 beds | compound |
| 31 | beds | bed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 search | obj |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 signs | case |
| 33 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 search | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 life | case |
| 35 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 life | amod |
| 36 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 signs | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 flowed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flow | past | water | rivers and lakes; there | ago property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in river=Location | |||
| 2 | freeze | present · passive | water | ice caps | today | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result | |||
| 3 | search | infinitive | the old lake beds | for signs of ancient life | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent bed=Location for sign=Theme | ||||
| 4 | sign | ancient life | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:008-mars.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/8-mars/3/