Trains and the Underground, sentence 10
Rails are fixed to sleepers laid on a bed of stones; at a level crossing, lights flash and barriers close the road before a train comes, and a second train may follow the first.
Who acts: barriers, train, second train · What happens: fix, lay, close, come, follow · To what, where: Rails, level crossing, sleepers, bed, road, first
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trains and the Underground» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (barriers, train, second train), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rails | rail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fixed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 fixed | aux:pass |
| 3 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 sleepers | case |
| 5 | sleepers | sleeper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fixed | obl |
| 6 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 sleepers | acl |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 bed | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 bed | det |
| 9 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 laid | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 stones | case |
| 11 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 bed | nmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 crossing | punct |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 crossing | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 crossing | det |
| 15 | level | level | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 crossing | compound |
| 16 | crossing | crossing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fixed | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 flash | punct |
| 18 | lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 flash | compound |
| 19 | flash | flash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 crossing | appos |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 close | cc |
| 21 | barriers | barrier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 close | nsubj |
| 22 | close | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 flash | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 road | det |
| 24 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 close | obj |
| 25 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 28 comes | mark |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 train | det |
| 27 | train | train | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 comes | nsubj |
| 28 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 close | advcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 follow | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 follow | cc |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 train | det |
| 32 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 33 train | amod |
| 33 | train | train | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 follow | nsubj |
| 34 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 follow | aux |
| 35 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 fixed | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 first | det |
| 37 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 35 follow | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 fixed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fix | present · passive | Rails | a level crossing | to sleepers | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to sleeper=Co-Patient | |||
| 2 | lay | participle | sleepers not said here | a bed of stones | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on bed=Destination | ||||
| 3 | close | present | barriers | the road | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient | ||||
| 4 | come | present | a train | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | follow | may | a second train | the first | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent first=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:021-trains-and-the-underground.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/21-trains-and-the-underground/10/