Why planes fly, sentence 5
High up the air is thin and freezing, so the cabin is pumped full of air, the pilots and computers watch every number, and the wings even bend and change shape on purpose.
Who acts: air, pilots, wings · What happens: be, freeze, pump, watch, bend, change · To what, where: cabin, number, shape, purpose
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air, pilots, wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | High | high | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 up | advmod |
| 2 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 air | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 air | det |
| 4 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 thin | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 thin | cop |
| 6 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 freezing | cc |
| 8 | freezing | freeze | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 thin | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 pumped | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 pumped | advmod |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 cabin | det |
| 12 | cabin | cabin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pumped | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 pumped | aux:pass |
| 14 | pumped | pump | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 thin | parataxis |
| 15 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 pumped | xcomp |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 air | case |
| 17 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 full | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 watch | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 pilots | det |
| 20 | pilots | pilot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 watch | nsubj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 computers | cc |
| 22 | computers | computer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 pilots | conj |
| 23 | watch | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 thin | parataxis |
| 24 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 number | det |
| 25 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 watch | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 bend | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 bend | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 wings | det |
| 29 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 bend | nsubj |
| 30 | even | even | ADV | _ | 31 bend | advmod |
| 31 | bend | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 watch | conj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 change | cc |
| 33 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 bend | conj |
| 34 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 change | obj |
| 35 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 purpose | case |
| 36 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 change | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 thin | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the air | thin property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | freeze | gerund | the air not said here | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | pump | present · passive | the cabin | full property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | watch | present | the pilots and computers | every number | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme | ||||
| 5 | bend | present | the wings | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | change | present | the wings not said here | shape | purpose | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/5/