Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones, sentence 10

Air traffic controllers in towers and control centres use radar (radio waves bounced off planes to find where they are) and radio to keep planes apart and tell them when to take off and land; thousands of planes are in the sky at the same time.

Who acts: traffic controllers, radio waves, controllers · What happens: use, bounce off, find, be, keep, tell · To what, where: radar, planes, sky · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traffic controllers, radio waves, controllers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 traffic	compound
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 controllers	compound
3	controllers	controller	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 use	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 towers	case
5	towers	tower	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 controllers	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 centres	cc
7	control	control	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 centres	compound
8	centres	centre	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 towers	conj
9	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	radar	radar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 use	obj
11	(	(	PUNCT	_	13 waves	punct
12	radio	radio	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 waves	compound
13	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 radar	appos
14	bounced	bounce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 waves	acl
15	off	off	ADP	_	14 bounced	compound:prt
16	planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 bounced	obj
17	to	to	PART	_	18 find	mark
18	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 bounced	advcl
19	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	18 find	advmod
20	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 where	nsubj
21	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 where	cop
22	)	)	PUNCT	_	19 where	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 radio	cc
24	radio	radio	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 radar	conj
25	to	to	PART	_	26 keep	mark
26	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 radio	xcomp
27	planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 keep	obj
28	apart	apart	ADV	_	26 keep	advmod
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 tell	cc
30	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 keep	conj
31	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 tell	iobj
32	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	34 take	advmod
33	to	to	PART	_	34 take	mark
34	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 tell	ccomp
35	off	off	ADP	_	34 take	compound:prt
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 land	cc
37	land	land	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	34 take	conj
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 thousands	punct
39	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 use	conj
40	of	of	ADP	_	41 planes	case
41	planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 thousands	nmod
42	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	45 sky	cop
43	in	in	ADP	_	45 sky	case
44	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 sky	det
45	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 use	parataxis
46	at	at	ADP	_	49 time	case
47	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	49 time	det
48	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 time	amod
49	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 sky	obl
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 use	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	traffic controllers in towers and control centres	radar and radio					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radar=Patient
2	bounce off	participle	radio waves not said here	planes					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plane=Agent
3	find	to-infinitive	radio waves not said here						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	controllers = controller					where property	tree rules
5	keep	to-infinitive	traffic controllers in towers and control centres not said here	planes				apart property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plane=Theme
6	tell speech: assert	infinitive	traffic controllers in towers and control centres not said here		planes = plane				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic
7	take off not said to happen	to-infinitive							vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
8	land	infinitive							vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	is	present				the sky	time		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:023-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/23-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones/10/