Road and railway safety, sentence 8
Cars need time and space to stop, and drivers may not see you; at the kerb, stop, look and listen both ways, wait until it is clear, walk straight across, and use crossings where you can.
Who acts: Cars, drivers, driver · What happens: need, stop, not see, look, listen, wait · To what, where: you, kerb, ways, crossings
This is a sentence of the lesson «Road and railway safety» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cars, drivers, driver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 need | nsubj |
| 2 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 need | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 space | cc |
| 5 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 time | conj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 stop | mark |
| 7 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 time | acl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 see | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 see | cc |
| 10 | drivers | driver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 see | nsubj |
| 11 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 see | aux |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 see | advmod |
| 13 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 need | conj |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 see | obj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 stop | punct |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 kerb | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 kerb | det |
| 18 | kerb | kerb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 stop | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 stop | punct |
| 20 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 see | advcl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 look | punct |
| 22 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 20 stop | conj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 listen | cc |
| 24 | listen | listen | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 22 look | conj |
| 25 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 ways | det |
| 26 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 listen | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 wait | punct |
| 28 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 22 look | conj |
| 29 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 32 clear | mark |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 clear | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 clear | cop |
| 32 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 wait | advcl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 walk | punct |
| 34 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 22 look | conj |
| 35 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 36 across | advmod |
| 36 | across | across | ADV | _ | 34 walk | advmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 use | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 use | cc |
| 39 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 34 walk | conj |
| 40 | crossings | crossing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 use | obj |
| 41 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 34 walk | advmod |
| 42 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 43 can | nsubj |
| 43 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 crossings | acl:relcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 need | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | Cars | time | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | stop | to-infinitive | Cars not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | not see | may | drivers | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | stop | infinitive | drivers not said here | the kerb | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at kerb=Location | ||||
| 5 | look | infinitive | drivers not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | listen | infinitive | drivers not said here | both ways | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | wait | infinitive | drivers not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | is | present | driver | clear property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | walk | infinitive | drivers not said here | across property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 10 | use | infinitive | drivers not said here | crossings | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossing=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:027-road-and-railway-safety.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/27-road-and-railway-safety/8/