Diggers, cranes and cement mixers, sentence 14

A cement mixer lorry keeps its drum turning so the concrete does not set; spiral fins inside mix it one way and push it out the other way.

Who acts: mixer lorry, drum, concrete, spiral fins · What happens: keep, turn, not set, mix, push out · To what, where: drum, lorry

This is a sentence of the lesson «Diggers, cranes and cement mixers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mixer lorry, drum, concrete, spiral fins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 lorry	det
2	cement	cement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mixer	compound
3	mixer	mixer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lorry	compound
4	lorry	lorry	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keeps	nsubj
5	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 drum	nmod:poss
7	drum	drum	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keeps	obj
8	turning	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 keeps	xcomp
9	so	so	SCONJ	_	14 set	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 concrete	det
11	concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 set	nsubj
12	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 set	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 set	advmod
14	set	set	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 keeps	advcl
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 mix	punct
16	spiral	spiral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 fins	amod
17	fins	fin	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 mix	nsubj
18	inside	inside	ADV	_	19 mix	advmod
19	mix	mix	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 keeps	parataxis
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 mix	obj
21	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	22 way	nummod
22	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 mix	obl:unmarked
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 push	cc
24	push	push	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 mix	conj
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 push	obj
26	out	out	ADP	_	24 push	compound:prt
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 way	det
28	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 way	amod
29	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 push	obl:unmarked
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 keeps	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	keep	present	a mixer lorry	lorry's drum		tree rules
2	turn	gerund	lorry's drum not said here			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	not set	present · do-support	the concrete			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	mix	present	spiral fins	lorry	one way obl:unmarked; inside property	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
5	push out	infinitive	spiral fins not said here	lorry	the other way obl:unmarked	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:028-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/14/