Diggers, cranes and cement mixers, sentence 16

A bulldozer pushes earth and rubble with a big blade at the front, and its caterpillar tracks grip the ground; tracks were used on farm tractors before tanks.

Who acts: bulldozer, caterpillar tracks · What happens: push, grip, use · To what, where: earth, ground, tracks, farm tractors

This is a sentence of the lesson «Diggers, cranes and cement mixers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bulldozer, caterpillar tracks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bulldozer	det
2	bulldozer	bulldozer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	nsubj
3	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 used	parataxis
4	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 rubble	cc
6	rubble	rubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 earth	conj
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 blade	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 blade	det
9	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 blade	amod
10	blade	blade	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	obl
11	at	at	ADP	_	13 front	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 front	det
13	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 blade	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 grip	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 grip	cc
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 tracks	nmod:poss
17	caterpillar	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 tracks	compound
18	tracks	track	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 grip	nsubj
19	grip	grip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pushes	conj
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 ground	det
21	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 grip	obj
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 tracks	punct
23	tracks	track	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 used	nsubj:pass
24	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 used	aux:pass
25	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
26	on	on	ADP	_	28 tractors	case
27	farm	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 tractors	compound
28	tractors	tractor	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 used	obl
29	before	before	ADP	_	30 tanks	case
30	tanks	tank	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 used	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pushes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	a bulldozer	earth and rubble			with a big blade at the front	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Theme
2	grip	present	bulldozer's caterpillar tracks	the ground				vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Experiencer
3	use	past · passive		tracks	farm tractors	before tanks		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:028-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/16/