Diggers, cranes and cement mixers, sentence 9
A digger's engine drives a pump that pushes oil into pistons, called hydraulics, which move the arm and bucket with huge force; its tracks spread its weight so it does not sink in mud.
Who acts: engine, pump, pistons, hydraulics, tracks · What happens: drive, push, call, move, spread, not sink · To what, where: pump, oil, pistons, hydraulics, arm, weight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Diggers, cranes and cement mixers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (engine, pump, pistons, hydraulics), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 digger | det |
| 2 | digger | digger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 engine | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 digger | case |
| 4 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 drives | nsubj |
| 5 | drives | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 pump | det |
| 7 | pump | pump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 drives | obj |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 pushes | nsubj |
| 9 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 pump | acl:relcl |
| 10 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pushes | obj |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 pistons | case |
| 12 | pistons | piston | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 pushes | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 called | punct |
| 14 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 pistons | acl |
| 15 | hydraulics | hydraulics | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 called | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 move | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 move | nsubj |
| 18 | move | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 hydraulics | acl:relcl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 arm | det |
| 20 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 move | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 bucket | cc |
| 22 | bucket | bucket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 arm | conj |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 force | case |
| 24 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 force | amod |
| 25 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 move | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 spread | punct |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 tracks | nmod:poss |
| 28 | tracks | track | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 spread | nsubj |
| 29 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 drives | parataxis |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 weight | nmod:poss |
| 31 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 spread | obj |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 sink | advmod |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 sink | nsubj |
| 34 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 sink | aux |
| 35 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 sink | advmod |
| 36 | sink | sink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 spread | advcl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 mud | case |
| 38 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 sink | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 drives | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drive | present | a digger's engine | a pump | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme pump=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | push | present | a pump | oil | pistons | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent oil=Theme into piston=Destination | |||
| 3 | call | participle | pistons not said here | hydraulics | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hydraulics=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | move | present | hydraulics | the arm and bucket | with huge force | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent arm=Theme | |||
| 5 | spread | present | engine's tracks | engine's weight | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location weight=Theme | ||||
| 6 | not sink | present · do-support | engine | mud | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:028-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/9/