Roads and road signs, sentence 1
At the bottom is hard-rolled crushed stone that spreads the weight of lorries, and on top is asphalt, a hot mix of small stones and sticky black bitumen, rolled flat while it is still warm.
Who acts: hard rolled crushed stone, weight · What happens: roll, crush, be, spread · To what, where: hard rolled crushed stone, bottom, weight, top asphalt, hot mix
This is a sentence of the lesson «Roads and road signs» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hard rolled crushed stone, weight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 bottom | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bottom | det |
| 3 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 stone | obl |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 stone | cop |
| 5 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 stone | amod |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| 7 | rolled | roll | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 stone | amod |
| 8 | crushed | crush | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 stone | amod |
| 9 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 spreads | nsubj |
| 11 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 stone | acl:relcl |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 weight | det |
| 13 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 spreads | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 lorries | case |
| 15 | lorries | lorry | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 weight | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 asphalt | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 asphalt | cc |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 asphalt | case |
| 19 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 asphalt | compound |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 asphalt | cop |
| 21 | asphalt | asphalt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 stone | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 asphalt | punct |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 mix | det |
| 24 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 mix | amod |
| 25 | mix | mix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 asphalt | appos |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 stones | case |
| 27 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 stones | amod |
| 28 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 mix | nmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 bitumen | cc |
| 30 | sticky | sticky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 bitumen | amod |
| 31 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 bitumen | amod |
| 32 | bitumen | bitumen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 stones | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 rolled | punct |
| 34 | rolled | roll | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 mix | acl:relcl |
| 35 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 rolled | xcomp |
| 36 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 40 warm | mark |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 rolled | nsubj |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 warm | cop |
| 39 | still | still | ADV | _ | 40 warm | advmod |
| 40 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 rolled | advcl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 stone | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roll | participle | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | crush | participle | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | is a | present | hard rolled crushed stone and top asphalt | the bottom | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | spread | present | hard rolled crushed stone and top asphalt | the weight of lorries | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location weight=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | present | top asphalt | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | roll | participle | weight | a hot mix of small stones and sticky black bitumen not said here | flat property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location mix=Theme | |||
| 7 | is | present | weight not said here | still | warm property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/1/