Roads and road signs, sentence 3
On a winter night water seeps into a tiny crack, freezes, swells like a bottle of water left in the freezer and pushes the crack wider; tyres then knock the broken bits out, and a pothole is born.
Who acts: water, tyres · What happens: seep, freeze, swell, leave, push, knock out · To what, where: tiny crack, bottle, freezer, crack, broken bits, pothole
This is a sentence of the lesson «Roads and road signs» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, tyres), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 night | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 night | det |
| 3 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 night | compound |
| 4 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 seeps | obl |
| 5 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 seeps | nsubj |
| 6 | seeps | seep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 crack | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 crack | det |
| 9 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 crack | amod |
| 10 | crack | crack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 seeps | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 freezes | punct |
| 12 | freezes | freeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 seeps | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 swells | punct |
| 14 | swells | swell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 seeps | conj |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 17 bottle | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 bottle | det |
| 17 | bottle | bottle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 swells | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 water | case |
| 19 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 bottle | nmod |
| 20 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 bottle | acl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 freezer | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 freezer | det |
| 23 | freezer | freezer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 left | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 pushes | cc |
| 25 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 seeps | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 crack | det |
| 27 | crack | crack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 pushes | obj |
| 28 | wider | wide | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 25 pushes | xcomp |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 tyres | punct |
| 30 | tyres | tyre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 knock | nsubj |
| 31 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 32 knock | advmod |
| 32 | knock | knock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 seeps | parataxis |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 bits | det |
| 34 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 bits | amod |
| 35 | bits | bit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 knock | obj |
| 36 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 knock | compound:prt |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 born | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 born | cc |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 pothole | det |
| 40 | pothole | pothole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 born | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 born | aux:pass |
| 42 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 seeps | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 seeps | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seep | present | water | a tiny crack | night | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into crack=Location | |||
| 2 | freeze | present | water not said here | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | swell | present | water not said here | like a bottle of water | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | leave | participle | a bottle of water not said here | in the freezer result | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in freezer=Result | ||||
| 5 | push | present | water not said here | the crack | wide property | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crack=Theme | |||
| 6 | knock out | present | tyres | the broken bits | then | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent bit=Patient | |||
| 7 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 8 | bear | present · passive | a pothole | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/3/