Power stations and the grid, sentence 11

The white cloud from a cooling tower is water vapour, not smoke; the towers are wide at the bottom and narrower in the middle, which helps air flow up through them.

Who acts: white cloud, towers, middle · What happens: be, help up, flow · To what, where: water vapour, bottom, middle

This is a sentence of the lesson «Power stations and the grid» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white cloud, towers, middle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cloud	det
2	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cloud	amod
3	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 vapour	nsubj
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 tower	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tower	det
6	cooling	cooling	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tower	compound
7	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cloud	nmod
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 vapour	cop
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 vapour	compound
10	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 smoke	punct
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 smoke	advmod
13	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 vapour	conj
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 wide	punct
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 towers	det
16	towers	tower	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 wide	nsubj
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 wide	cop
18	wide	wide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 vapour	parataxis
19	at	at	ADP	_	21 bottom	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 bottom	det
21	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 wide	obl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 narrower	cc
23	narrower	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	18 wide	conj
24	in	in	ADP	_	26 middle	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 middle	det
26	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 narrower	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 helps	punct
28	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 helps	nsubj
29	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 middle	acl:relcl
30	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 flow	compound
31	flow	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 helps	xcomp
32	up	up	ADP	_	29 helps	compound:prt
33	through	through	ADP	_	34 them	case
34	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 flow	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 vapour	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the white cloud from a cooling tower	water vapour and smoke			tree rules
2	is	present	the towers		the bottom	wide property	tree rules
3	be		the towers not said here		the middle		tree rules
4	help up	present	the middle				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	flow	infinitive	the middle not said here			through vapour	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through they=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:032-power-stations-and-the-grid.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/32-power-stations-and-the-grid/11/