Phones and how a call travels, sentence 20

A microphone turns sound wobbles into electric signals, and a speaker turns signals back into sound by shaking a little cone; very loud headphones for a long time can damage hearing for life.

Who acts: microphone, speaker, sound, loud headphones · What happens: turn, turn back, shake, damage · To what, where: sound wobbles, electric signals, signals, sound, little cone, hearing

This is a sentence of the lesson «Phones and how a call travels» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (microphone, speaker, sound, loud headphones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 microphone	det
2	microphone	microphone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turns	nsubj
3	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wobbles	compound
5	wobbles	wobble	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turns	obj
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 signals	case
7	electric	electric	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 signals	amod
8	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turns	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 turns	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 turns	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 speaker	det
12	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 turns	nsubj
13	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 turns	conj
14	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 turns	obj
15	back	back	ADV	_	13 turns	advmod
16	into	into	ADP	_	17 sound	case
17	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 turns	obl
18	by	by	SCONJ	_	19 shaking	mark
19	shaking	shake	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	17 sound	acl
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 cone	det
21	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 cone	amod
22	cone	cone	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 shaking	obj
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 turns	punct
24	very	very	ADV	_	25 loud	advmod
25	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 headphones	amod
26	headphones	headphone	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 damage	nsubj
27	for	for	ADP	_	30 time	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 time	det
29	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 time	amod
30	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 damage	obl
31	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 damage	aux
32	damage	damage	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 turns	parataxis
33	hearing	hearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 damage	obj
34	for	for	ADP	_	35 life	case
35	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 hearing	nmod
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 turns	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	a microphone	sound wobbles	electric signals			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent wobble=Theme into signal=Trajectory
2	turn back	present	a speaker	signals	sound			vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme
3	shake	gerund	sound not said here	a little cone				vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cone=Patient
4	damage	can	loud headphones	hearing		time	for life	vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument hearing=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:035-phones-and-how-a-call-travels.lesson:20.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/35-phones-and-how-a-call-travels/20/