The internet and undersea cables, sentence 1
When you open a web page, it is chopped into small packets, like a big jigsaw posted in many envelopes, and each packet hops through machines called routers, maybe along different roads, until they are put back together on your screen.
Who acts: you, packet, machines · What happens: open, chop, post, hop, call, put back · To what, where: web page, page, small packets, big jigsaw, many envelopes, machines · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The internet and undersea cables» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, packet, machines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 3 open | mark |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 open | nsubj |
| 3 | open | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 chopped | advcl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 page | det |
| 5 | web | web | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 page | compound |
| 6 | page | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 open | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 open | punct |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 chopped | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 chopped | aux:pass |
| 10 | chopped | chop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 packets | case |
| 12 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 packets | amod |
| 13 | packets | packet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 chopped | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 jigsaw | punct |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 jigsaw | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 jigsaw | det |
| 17 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 jigsaw | amod |
| 18 | jigsaw | jigsaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 packets | conj |
| 19 | posted | post | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 jigsaw | acl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 envelopes | case |
| 21 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 envelopes | amod |
| 22 | envelopes | envelope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 posted | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 hops | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 hops | cc |
| 25 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 packet | det |
| 26 | packet | packet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 hops | nsubj |
| 27 | hops | hop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 chopped | conj |
| 28 | through | through | ADP | _ | 29 machines | case |
| 29 | machines | machine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 hops | obl |
| 30 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 machines | acl |
| 31 | routers | router | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 called | xcomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 roads | punct |
| 33 | maybe | maybe | ADV | _ | 36 roads | advmod |
| 34 | along | along | ADP | _ | 36 roads | case |
| 35 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 roads | amod |
| 36 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 hops | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 put | punct |
| 38 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 41 put | mark |
| 39 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 put | nsubj |
| 40 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 put | aux:pass |
| 41 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 hops | advcl |
| 42 | back | back | ADV | _ | 43 together | advmod |
| 43 | together | together | ADV | _ | 41 put | advmod |
| 44 | on | on | ADP | _ | 46 screen | case |
| 45 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 screen | nmod:poss |
| 46 | screen | screen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 put | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 chopped | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | present | you | a web page | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location page=Theme | ||||
| 2 | chop | present · passive | page | into small packets and a big jigsaw result | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into packet=Result | ||||
| 3 | post | participle | a big jigsaw not said here | many envelopes | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | hop | present | each packet | machines | along different roads | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through machine=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | call | participle | machines not said here | routers | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | put back | present · passive | packets = packet | your screen | together property | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme on screen=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:037-the-internet-and-undersea-cables.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/37-the-internet-and-undersea-cables/1/