The internet and undersea cables, sentence 9
Most data between continents travels through undersea cables, not satellites; inside, thin glass fibres carry pulses of light; there are many such cables, so if a ship's anchor cuts one, data goes round by the others, maybe more slowly, until it is mended.
Who acts: thin glass fibres, anchor, data · What happens: carry, be, cut, go round, mend, pulse · To what, where: pulses, many such cables, one, data, light
This is a sentence of the lesson «The internet and undersea cables» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thin glass fibres, anchor, data), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 data | amod |
| 2 | data | data | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | between | between | ADP | _ | 5 travels | case |
| 4 | continents | continent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 data | nmod |
| 5 | travels | travel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 data | nmod |
| 6 | through | through | ADP | _ | 8 cables | case |
| 7 | undersea | undersea | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 cables | amod |
| 8 | cables | cable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 travels | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 satellites | punct |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 satellites | advmod |
| 11 | satellites | satellite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 cables | conj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 carry | punct |
| 13 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 18 carry | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 inside | punct |
| 15 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 fibres | amod |
| 16 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fibres | compound |
| 17 | fibres | fibre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 carry | nsubj |
| 18 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 data | parataxis |
| 19 | pulses | pulse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 carry | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 light | case |
| 21 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 pulses | nmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 are | punct |
| 23 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 24 are | expl |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 cables | cop |
| 25 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 cables | amod |
| 26 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 cables | amod |
| 27 | cables | cable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 data | parataxis |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 cuts | punct |
| 29 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 cuts | advmod |
| 30 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 35 cuts | mark |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 ship | det |
| 32 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 anchor | nmod:poss |
| 33 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 32 ship | case |
| 34 | anchor | anchor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 cuts | nsubj |
| 35 | cuts | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 goes | advcl |
| 36 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 cuts | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 goes | punct |
| 38 | data | data | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 goes | nsubj |
| 39 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 cables | conj |
| 40 | round | round | ADV | _ | 39 goes | advmod |
| 41 | by | by | ADP | _ | 43 others | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 others | det |
| 43 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 goes | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 slowly | punct |
| 45 | maybe | maybe | ADV | _ | 47 slowly | advmod |
| 46 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 47 slowly | advmod |
| 47 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 39 goes | advmod |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 mended | punct |
| 49 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 52 mended | mark |
| 50 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 mended | nsubj:pass |
| 51 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 mended | aux:pass |
| 52 | mended | mend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 goes | advcl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 data | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | present | thin glass fibres | pulses of light | inside property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pulse=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | present | many such cables | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | cut | present | a ship's anchor | one | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material one=Product | ||||
| 4 | go round | present | data | by the others; round, slowly property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by other=Location | ||||
| 5 | mend | present · passive | data | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | pulse | light | nom pulse «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:037-the-internet-and-undersea-cables.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/37-the-internet-and-undersea-cables/9/