How a car is built, sentence 14
Tyres are rubber mixed with carbon black, built in layers around steel and fabric cords and baked in a mould that presses the tread; the carbon black makes them black and stronger.
Who acts: Tyres, mould, carbon black · What happens: be, mix, build, bake, press, make · To what, where: rubber, tread, Tyres
This is a sentence of the lesson «How a car is built» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tyres, mould, carbon black), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tyres | tyre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rubber | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rubber | cop |
| 3 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | mixed | mix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 rubber | acl |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 black | case |
| 6 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 black | compound |
| 7 | black | black | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mixed | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 built | punct |
| 9 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 mixed | conj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 layers | case |
| 11 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 built | obl |
| 12 | around | around | ADP | _ | 13 steel | case |
| 13 | steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 layers | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 cords | cc |
| 15 | fabric | fabric | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cords | compound |
| 16 | cords | cord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 steel | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 baked | cc |
| 18 | baked | bake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 built | conj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 mould | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 mould | det |
| 21 | mould | mould | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 baked | obl |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 presses | nsubj |
| 23 | presses | press | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 mould | acl:relcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 tread | det |
| 25 | tread | tread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 presses | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 makes | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 black | det |
| 28 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 black | compound |
| 29 | black | black | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 makes | nsubj |
| 30 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rubber | parataxis |
| 31 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 makes | obj |
| 32 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 makes | xcomp |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 stronger | cc |
| 34 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 32 black | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 rubber | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Tyres | rubber | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | mix | participle | rubber not said here | with carbon black | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with black=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | build | participle | in layers around steel and fabric cords | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in layer=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | bake | participle | in a mould | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in mould=Instrument | |||||
| 5 | press | present | a mould | the tread | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tread=Theme | ||||
| 6 | make | present | the carbon black | Tyres = tyre | black property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material they=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:008-how-a-car-is-built.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/8-how-a-car-is-built/14/