Day and night, sentence 3
The Sun seems to rise in the east and set in the west because the Earth turns from west to east, the way trees seem to run backwards when you look out of a moving train.
Who acts: Sun, Earth, way trees, you · What happens: seem, rise, set, turn, run, look out · To what, where: east, west, moving train
This is a sentence of the lesson «Day and night» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun, Earth, way trees, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Sun | det |
| 2 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 seems | nsubj |
| 3 | seems | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 rise | mark |
| 5 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 seems | xcomp |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 east | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 east | det |
| 8 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rise | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 set | cc |
| 10 | set | set | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 rise | conj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 west | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 west | det |
| 13 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 set | obl |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | ExtPos=ADP | 17 turns | mark |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Earth | det |
| 16 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 turns | nsubj |
| 17 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 seems | advcl |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 west | case |
| 19 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 turns | obl |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 east | case |
| 21 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 west | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 seem | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 way | det |
| 24 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 trees | compound |
| 25 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 seem | nsubj |
| 26 | seem | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 turns | parataxis |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 run | mark |
| 28 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 seem | xcomp |
| 29 | backwards | backward | ADV | _ | 28 run | advmod |
| 30 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 32 look | mark |
| 31 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 32 look | nsubj |
| 32 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 run | advcl |
| 33 | out | out | ADP | _ | 37 train | case |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 train | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 train | det |
| 36 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 37 train | amod |
| 37 | train | train | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 look | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 seems | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | present | the Sun | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | rise | to-infinitive | the Sun not said here | the east | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in east=Location | ||||
| 3 | set | infinitive | the Sun not said here | the west | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in west=Destination | ||||
| 4 | turn | present | the Earth | west to east | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from west=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | seem | present | way trees | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 6 | run | to-infinitive | way trees not said here | backward property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | look out | present | you | a moving train | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | move | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:001-day-and-night.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/1-day-and-night/3/