Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet, sentence 12
The Penny Black of 1840 in Britain was the first postage stamp you stick on a letter.
Who acts: Penny Black, you · What happens: be, stick · To what, where: first postage stamp, letter
This is a sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Penny Black, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Black | det |
| 2 | Penny | Penny | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Black | compound |
| 3 | Black | Black | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 stamp | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 1840 | case |
| 5 | 1840 | 1840 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 Black | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Britain | case |
| 7 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Black | nmod |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 stamp | cop |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 stamp | det |
| 10 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 12 stamp | amod |
| 11 | postage | postage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 stamp | compound |
| 12 | stamp | stamp | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 stick | nsubj |
| 14 | stick | stick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 stamp | acl:relcl |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 letter | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 letter | det |
| 17 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stick | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 stamp | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the Penny Black of 1840 in Britain | the first postage stamp | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stick | present | you | the first postage stamp not said here | a letter | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stamp=Theme on letter=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/12/