Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet, sentence 8
Radio needs no wire at all: around 1900 Guglielmo Marconi sent messages with radio waves, which travel at the speed of light, and in 1901 he sent a signal across the Atlantic.
Who acts: Radio, Guglielmo, radio waves · What happens: need, send, travel · To what, where: wire, all, messages, 1900, speed, signal
This is a sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Radio, Guglielmo, radio waves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Radio | Radio | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 needs | nsubj |
| 2 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 wire | det |
| 4 | wire | wire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 needs | obj |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 all | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 wire | nmod |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 1900 | punct |
| 8 | around | around | ADP | _ | 9 1900 | case |
| 9 | 1900 | 1900 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 sent | obl |
| 10 | Guglielmo | Guglielmo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 sent | nsubj |
| 11 | Marconi | Marconi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Guglielmo | flat |
| 12 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 needs | parataxis |
| 13 | messages | message | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 sent | obj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 waves | case |
| 15 | radio | radio | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 waves | compound |
| 16 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 messages | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 travel | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 travel | nsubj |
| 19 | travel | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 waves | acl:relcl |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 speed | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 speed | det |
| 22 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 travel | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 light | case |
| 24 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 speed | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 sent | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 sent | cc |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 1901 | case |
| 28 | 1901 | 1901 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 sent | obl |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 sent | nsubj |
| 30 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 sent | conj |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 signal | det |
| 32 | signal | signal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 sent | obj |
| 33 | across | across | ADP | _ | 35 Atlantic | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 Atlantic | det |
| 35 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 sent | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 needs | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | Radio | no wire | all | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot wire=Theme | |||
| 2 | send | past | Guglielmo | messages | 1900 | with radio waves | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme | ||
| 3 | travel | present | radio waves | the speed of light | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at speed=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | send | past | Guglielmo | a signal | 1901 | across the Atlantic | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent signal=Theme in 1901=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/8/