Why time flies and why it drags, sentence 27
Words people use: "knackered" means broken or very tired (UK), "in the zone" means so focused you forget everything else, "dreich" means dull and grey (Scotland), "it's giving" means "it seems like" (young US slang) "boss" means great and "sound" means fine or OK (Liverpool, Manchester).
Who acts: Words, zone, you, dreich, it, slang boss · What happens: use, knacker, mean, break, focus, forget · To what, where: everything, Liverpool · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why time flies and why it drags» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Words, zone, you, dreich), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 use | nsubj |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 use | nsubj |
| 3 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 means | advcl |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 knackered | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 knackered | punct |
| 6 | knackered | knacker | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 means | nsubj |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 knackered | punct |
| 8 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 use | parataxis |
| 9 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 means | ccomp |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 tired | cc |
| 11 | very | very | ADV | _ | 12 tired | advmod |
| 12 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 broken | conj |
| 13 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 14 UK | punct |
| 14 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 tired | appos |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 14 UK | punct |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 use | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 zone | punct |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 zone | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 zone | det |
| 20 | zone | zone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 means | nsubj |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 zone | punct |
| 22 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 use | parataxis |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 focused | advmod |
| 24 | focused | focus | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 means | xcomp |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 forget | nsubj |
| 26 | forget | forget | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 focused | ccomp |
| 27 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 26 forget | obj |
| 28 | else | else | ADV | _ | 27 everything | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 use | punct |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 use | punct |
| 31 | dreich | dreich | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 means | nsubj |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 dreich | punct |
| 33 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 34 | dull | dull | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 means | xcomp |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 grey | cc |
| 36 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 dull | conj |
| 37 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 38 Scotland | punct |
| 38 | Scotland | Scotland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 means | parataxis |
| 39 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 38 Scotland | punct |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 means | punct |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 44 giving | punct |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 giving | nsubj |
| 43 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 giving | aux |
| 44 | giving | give | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 means | ccomp |
| 45 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 44 giving | punct |
| 46 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 giving | parataxis |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 49 seems | punct |
| 48 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 seems | nsubj |
| 49 | seems | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 means | ccomp |
| 50 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 60 means | mark |
| 51 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 boss | punct |
| 52 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 55 slang | punct |
| 53 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 55 slang | amod |
| 54 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 slang | compound |
| 55 | slang | slang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 boss | compound |
| 56 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 55 slang | punct |
| 57 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 boss | punct |
| 58 | boss | boss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 means | nsubj |
| 59 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 boss | punct |
| 60 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 seems | advcl:relcl |
| 61 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 means | xcomp |
| 62 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 means | cc |
| 63 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 64 sound | punct |
| 64 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 means | nsubj |
| 65 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 64 sound | punct |
| 66 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 60 means | conj |
| 67 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 means | xcomp |
| 68 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 69 OK | cc |
| 69 | OK | ok | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 67 fine | conj |
| 70 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 71 Liverpool | punct |
| 71 | Liverpool | Liverpool | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 means | obj |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 Manchester | punct |
| 73 | Manchester | Manchester | PROPN | Number=Sing | 71 Liverpool | conj |
| 74 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 71 Liverpool | punct |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 33 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | Words | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | knacker in a quote | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | mean | present | the zone | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | focus not said to happen | participle | the zone not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | forget | present | you | everything | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | mean | present | dreich | dull property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 9 | give in a quote | present · progressive | dreich | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 11 | seem in a quote | present | it | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 12 | mean | present | slang boss | great property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 13 | mean | present | sound | Liverpool and Manchester | fine property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent liverpool=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:110-why-time-flies-and-why-it-drags.lesson:27.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/110-why-time-flies-and-why-it-drags/27/