How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory, sentence 21
Russia and Ukraine switched in 1918, when the gap had grown to 13 days (it had been 13 days since 1900), so old papers may show dates as "O.S." (old style, Julian) and "N.S." (new style, Gregorian).
Who acts: Russia, gap, old papers · What happens: switch, grow, be, show · To what, where: 1918, 13 days, dates
This is a sentence of the lesson «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Russia, gap, old papers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 switched | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 Ukraine | cc |
| 3 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Russia | conj |
| 4 | switched | switch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1918 | case |
| 6 | 1918 | 1918 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 switched | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 grown | punct |
| 8 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 grown | advmod |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 gap | det |
| 10 | gap | gap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 grown | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 grown | aux |
| 12 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 switched | advcl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 days | case |
| 14 | 13 | 13 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 days | nummod |
| 15 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 grown | obl |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 21 days | punct |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 days | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 days | aux |
| 19 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 days | cop |
| 20 | 13 | 13 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 days | nummod |
| 21 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 days | appos |
| 22 | since | since | ADP | _ | 23 1900 | case |
| 23 | 1900 | 1900 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 days | nmod |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 21 days | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 show | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 show | advmod |
| 27 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 papers | amod |
| 28 | papers | paper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 show | nsubj |
| 29 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 show | aux |
| 30 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 switched | parataxis |
| 31 | dates | date | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 show | obj |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 O.S | case |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 O.S | punct |
| 34 | O.S | O.S | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 show | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 show | punct |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 show | punct |
| 37 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 39 style | punct |
| 38 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 style | amod |
| 39 | style | style | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 O.S | appos |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 Julian | punct |
| 41 | Julian | julian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 style | amod |
| 42 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 39 style | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 N.S | cc |
| 44 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 N.S | punct |
| 45 | N.S | N.S | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 O.S | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 45 N.S | punct |
| 47 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 45 N.S | punct |
| 48 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 50 style | punct |
| 49 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 style | amod |
| 50 | style | style | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 N.S | appos |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 Gregorian | punct |
| 52 | Gregorian | Gregorian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 style | appos |
| 53 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 50 style | punct |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 switched | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | switch | past | Russia and Ukraine | 1918 | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | grow | past · perfect | the gap | day | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | past · perfect | gap | 13 days | since 1900 | tree rules | |||
| 4 | show | may | old papers | dates | as O.S and N.S | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent date=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/21/