How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory, sentence 7

Tiny, but after about 1,600 years the calendar had slipped 10 days, so in 1582 Pope Gregory XIII cut 10 dates out once and changed the rule: a century year is a leap year only if it divides by 400.

Who acts: calendar, Pope Gregory, century year · What happens: slip, cut, change, be, divide · To what, where: 1582, rule, leap year

This is a sentence of the lesson «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (calendar, Pope Gregory, century year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 slipped	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 slipped	cc
4	after	after	ADP	_	7 years	case
5	about	about	ADV	_	6 1,600	advmod
6	1,600	1,600	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 years	nummod
7	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 slipped	obl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 calendar	det
9	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 slipped	nsubj
10	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 slipped	aux
11	slipped	slip	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	1 Tiny	conj
12	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 days	nummod
13	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 slipped	obl:unmarked
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 changed	punct
15	so	so	ADV	_	21 cut	advmod
16	in	in	ADP	_	19 Gregory	case
17	1582	1582	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	21 cut	obl
18	Pope	pope	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 Gregory	compound
19	Gregory	gregory	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 cut	nsubj
20	XIII	XIII	NUM	NumForm=Roman NumType=Card	19 Gregory	flat
21	cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 slipped	conj
22	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	23 dates	nummod
23	dates	date	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 cut	obj
24	out	out	ADV	_	25 once	advmod
25	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	21 cut	advmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 changed	cc
27	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 cut	conj
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 rule	det
29	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 changed	obj
30	:	:	PUNCT	_	37 year	punct
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 year	det
32	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 year	compound
33	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 year	nsubj
34	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 year	cop
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 year	det
36	leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 year	compound
37	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 rule	parataxis
38	only	only	ADV	_	41 divides	advmod
39	if	if	SCONJ	_	41 divides	mark
40	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	41 divides	nsubj
41	divides	divide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 year	advcl
42	by	by	ADP	_	43 400	case
43	400	400	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	41 divides	obl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Tiny	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	slip	past · perfect	the calendar		day; year		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	cut	past	Pope Gregory	1582		once property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset date=Product
3	change	past	Pope Gregory not said here	the rule			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient
4	is a	present	a century year	a leap year			tree rules
5	divide a condition, not said to happen	present	calendar			by 400	vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent by 400=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/7/