Day and night, shadows and sundials, sentence 9
Early risers are "larks", like the birds that sing at dawn, and people who stay up late are "night owls"; Australians say "up at sparrow's" for up at first light.
Who acts: Early risers, birds, people, Australians · What happens: be, sing, stay up, say · To what, where: larks, night owls · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Day and night, shadows and sundials» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Early risers, birds, people, Australians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 risers | amod |
| 2 | risers | riser | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 larks | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 larks | cop |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 larks | punct |
| 5 | larks | lark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 say | parataxis |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 larks | punct |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 larks | punct |
| 8 | like | like | ADP | _ | 10 birds | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 birds | det |
| 10 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 larks | nmod |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 sing | nsubj |
| 12 | sing | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 birds | acl:relcl |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 dawn | case |
| 14 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sing | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 people | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 people | cc |
| 17 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 birds | conj |
| 18 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 stay | nsubj |
| 19 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 people | acl:relcl |
| 20 | up | up | ADV | _ | 19 stay | advmod |
| 21 | late | late | ADV | Degree=Pos | 19 stay | advmod |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 owls | cop |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 owls | punct |
| 24 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 owls | compound |
| 25 | owls | owl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 larks | conj |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 owls | punct |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 Australians | punct |
| 28 | Australians | Australian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 29 say | nsubj |
| 29 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 up | punct |
| 31 | up | up | ADV | _ | 29 say | ccomp |
| 32 | at | at | ADP | _ | 33 sparrow | case |
| 33 | sparrow | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 up | obl |
| 34 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 33 sparrow | case |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 up | punct |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 up | case |
| 37 | up | up | ADP | _ | 33 sparrow | compound:prt |
| 38 | at | at | ADP | _ | 40 light | case |
| 39 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 40 light | amod |
| 40 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 sparrow | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 larks | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | Early risers | larks and night owls | like the birds and people | tree rules | |||
| 2 | sing speech: express | present | the birds and people | dawn | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | stay up | present | people | late property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | Early risers not said here | night owls | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | present | Australians | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:118-day-night-shadows-sundials.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/118-day-night-shadows-sundials/9/