Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 0

Anything that changes at a steady speed can be a clock: a shadow sliding round, water dripping out, a candle burning down, sand trickling through a glass.

Who acts: Anything, shadow, water, candle, sand · What happens: change, be, slide, drip out, burn down, trickle · To what, where: steady speed, clock, glass

This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Anything, shadow, water, candle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 clock	nsubj
2	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 changes	nsubj
3	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Anything	acl:relcl
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 speed	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 speed	det
6	steady	steady	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 speed	amod
7	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changes	obl
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 clock	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 clock	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 clock	det
11	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 clock	punct
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 shadow	det
14	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 clock	appos
15	sliding	slide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 shadow	acl
16	round	round	ADV	_	15 sliding	advmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 water	punct
18	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 dripping	nsubj
19	dripping	drip	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 shadow	conj
20	out	out	ADP	_	19 dripping	compound:prt
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 candle	punct
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 candle	det
23	candle	candle	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shadow	conj
24	burning	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	23 candle	acl
25	down	down	ADP	_	24 burning	compound:prt
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 sand	punct
27	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 candle	conj
28	trickling	trickle	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	27 sand	acl
29	through	through	ADP	_	31 glass	case
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 glass	det
31	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 trickling	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 clock	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	change	present			a steady speed		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	can	Anything	a clock			tree rules
3	slide	gerund	a shadow and a candle and sand not said here			round property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	drip out	gerund	water				vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
5	burn down	gerund	a candle and sand not said here				vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	trickle	gerund	sand not said here		a glass		vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through glass=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/0/