Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 10
Europe's first mechanical clocks, about 700 years ago, often had one hand or none at all.
Who acts: first mechanical clocks · What happens: have · To what, where: one hand
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first mechanical clocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 clocks | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Europe | case |
| 3 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 5 clocks | amod |
| 4 | mechanical | mechanical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 clocks | amod |
| 5 | clocks | clock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 had | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 700 | advmod |
| 8 | 700 | 700 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 years | nummod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 had | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 9 years | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
| 12 | often | often | ADV | _ | 13 had | advmod |
| 13 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 hand | nummod |
| 15 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 had | obj |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 none | cc |
| 17 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 15 hand | conj |
| 18 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 all | case |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 none | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Europe's first mechanical clocks | one hand | year | often property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/10/