Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 18
An hourglass times with sand falling through a narrow neck; hourglasses became common in Europe about 700 years ago.
Who acts: sand, hourglasses · What happens: fall, become · To what, where: narrow neck
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sand, hourglasses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 hourglass | det |
| 2 | hourglass | hourglass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 times | compound |
| 3 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 sand | case |
| 5 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 times | obl |
| 6 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 sand | acl |
| 7 | through | through | ADP | _ | 10 neck | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 neck | det |
| 9 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 neck | amod |
| 10 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 falling | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 became | punct |
| 12 | hourglasses | hourglass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 became | nsubj |
| 13 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 times | parataxis |
| 14 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 became | xcomp |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 Europe | case |
| 16 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 common | obl |
| 17 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 700 | advmod |
| 18 | 700 | 700 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 years | nummod |
| 19 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 20 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 13 became | advmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 times | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | gerund | sand not said here | a narrow neck | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through neck=Location | ||||
| 2 | become | past | hourglasses | ago, common property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/18/