Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 21
Early mechanical clocks in Europe, about 700 years ago, often had only an hour hand.
Who acts: Early mechanical clocks · What happens: have · To what, where: hour hand
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Early mechanical clocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 clocks | amod |
| 2 | mechanical | mechanical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 clocks | amod |
| 3 | clocks | clock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 had | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 Europe | case |
| 5 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 clocks | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 clocks | punct |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 700 | advmod |
| 8 | 700 | 700 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 years | nummod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 13 had | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
| 12 | often | often | ADV | _ | 13 had | advmod |
| 13 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | only | only | ADV | _ | 17 hand | advmod |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 hand | det |
| 16 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hand | compound |
| 17 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 had | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Early mechanical clocks in Europe | a hour hand | ago, often property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/21/