Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms, sentence 15
Light travels much faster than sound, so we see lightning before we hear thunder.
Who acts: Light, we · What happens: travel, see, hear · To what, where: lightning, thunder
This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Light, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 travels | nsubj |
| 2 | travels | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | much | much | ADV | _ | 4 faster | advmod |
| 4 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 2 travels | advmod |
| 5 | than | than | ADP | _ | 6 sound | case |
| 6 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 faster | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 travels | punct |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 see | advmod |
| 9 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 see | nsubj |
| 10 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 travels | parataxis |
| 11 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 see | obj |
| 12 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 14 hear | mark |
| 13 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 hear | nsubj |
| 14 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 see | advcl |
| 15 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 hear | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 travels | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | travel | present | Light | fast property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | present | we | lightning | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lightning=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | hear | present | we | thunder | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:015-weather.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/15-weather/15/