"How do you know?", sentence 12

In the Second World War Britain spread the idea that carrots helped pilots see at night, partly to hide its new radar (a way of finding enemy planes in the dark with radio waves); carrots have vitamin A, which helps keep eyes healthy, but they don't give night vision.

Who acts: Britain, carrots, pilots, way, vitamin · What happens: spread, help, see, hide, find, have · To what, where: Second World War, idea, new radar, enemy planes, dark, vitamin

This is a sentence of the lesson «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Britain, carrots, pilots, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	6 Britain	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 War	det
3	Second	Second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	5 War	amod
4	World	World	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 War	compound
5	War	War	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 spread	obl
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 spread	nsubj
7	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 idea	det
9	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 spread	obj
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 helped	mark
11	carrots	carrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 helped	nsubj
12	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 idea	acl
13	pilots	pilot	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 see	nsubj
14	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 helped	xcomp
15	at	at	ADP	_	16 night	case
16	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 see	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 hide	punct
18	partly	partly	ADV	_	20 hide	advmod
19	to	to	PART	_	20 hide	mark
20	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 see	advcl
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 radar	nmod:poss
22	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 radar	amod
23	radar	radar	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 hide	obj
24	(	(	PUNCT	_	26 way	punct
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 way	det
26	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 radar	appos
27	of	of	SCONJ	_	28 finding	mark
28	finding	find	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	26 way	acl
29	enemy	enemy	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 planes	compound
30	planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 finding	obj
31	in	in	ADP	_	33 dark	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 dark	det
33	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 finding	obl
34	with	with	ADP	_	36 waves	case
35	radio	radio	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 waves	compound
36	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 dark	nmod
37	)	)	PUNCT	_	26 way	punct
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	40 have	punct
39	carrots	carrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 have	nsubj
40	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 spread	parataxis
41	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 have	obj
42	A	A	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 vitamin	flat
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 helps	punct
44	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	45 helps	nsubj
45	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	41 vitamin	acl:relcl
46	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	45 helps	xcomp
47	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 keep	obj
48	healthy	healthy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 keep	xcomp
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 give	punct
50	but	but	CCONJ	_	54 give	cc
51	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	54 give	nsubj
52	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	54 give	aux
53	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	54 give	advmod
54	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 spread	parataxis
55	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 vision	compound
56	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 give	obj
57	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 spread	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	past	Britain	the Second World War				vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location idea=Theme
2	help	past	carrots	the idea not said here				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent idea=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	see	infinitive	pilots			night		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	hide	to-infinitive	pilots not said here	idea's new radar			partly property	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radar=Patient
5	find	gerund	a way not said here	enemy planes	the dark with radio waves			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plane=Topic
6	have	present	carrots	vitamin				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vitamin=Patient
7	help	present	vitamin					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
8	keep	infinitive	vitamin not said here	eyes			healthy property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme
9	not give	present · do-support	carrots = carrot	night vision				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vision=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:186-how-do-you-know.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/12/