"How do you know?", sentence 8
"I just know" is not a reason; asking "How do you know?" is the quickest way to test a claim.
Who acts: I, you, asking · What happens: know, not be, ask, be, test · To what, where: reason, quickest way, claim · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you, asking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 know | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 know | nsubj |
| 3 | just | just | ADV | _ | 4 know | advmod |
| 4 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 reason | nsubj |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 know | punct |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 reason | cop |
| 7 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 reason | advmod |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 reason | det |
| 9 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 asking | punct |
| 11 | asking | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 way | csubj |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 know | punct |
| 13 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 know | advmod |
| 14 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 know | aux |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 know | nsubj |
| 16 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 asking | ccomp |
| 17 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 16 know | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 know | punct |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 way | cop |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 way | det |
| 21 | quickest | quick | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 22 way | amod |
| 22 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 reason | parataxis |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 test | mark |
| 24 | test | test | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 way | acl |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 claim | det |
| 26 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 test | obj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 reason | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know in a quote | present | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | not is a | present | a reason | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | gerund | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | know in a quote | present · do-support | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | is a | present | asking | the quickest way | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | test | to-infinitive | a claim | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:186-how-do-you-know.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/8/