Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel, sentence 3
Then the teacher showed him: whales breathe air and feed their babies milk, so they are mammals.
Who acts: teacher, whales, thinker · What happens: show, breathe, feed, be · To what, where: whale, air, babies milk, mammals · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Saying "I was wrong" and laughing without being cruel» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teacher, whales, thinker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 showed | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 teacher | det |
| 3 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 showed | nsubj |
| 4 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 showed | iobj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 breathe | punct |
| 7 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 breathe | nsubj |
| 8 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 showed | ccomp |
| 9 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 breathe | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 feed | cc |
| 11 | feed | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 breathe | conj |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 milk | nmod:poss |
| 13 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 milk | compound |
| 14 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 feed | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 mammals | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 mammals | advmod |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 mammals | nsubj |
| 18 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 mammals | cop |
| 19 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 showed | parataxis |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 showed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | past | the teacher | whale | then | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | breathe | present | whales | air | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 3 | feed | present | whales not said here | thinker's babies milk | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent milk=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | thinker | mammals | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/190-saying-i-was-wrong-and-laughing-without-being-cruel/3/