A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets it all wrong, sentence 10

«Innocent until proven guilty» means the person accused does not have to prove they are innocent: the accusers must prove they are guilty.

Who acts: Innocent, person, England, accusers · What happens: prove, mean, accuse, not have, be · To what, where: person · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «A fair trial, and the Wonderland court that gets it all wrong» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Innocent, person, England, accusers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Innocent	punct
2	Innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 means	nsubj
3	until	until	ADP	_	5 guilty	case
4	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 guilty	amod
5	guilty	guilty	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 means	obl
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 guilty	punct
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 person	det
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 have	nsubj
10	accused	accuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 person	acl
11	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 have	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 have	advmod
13	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 means	ccomp
14	to	to	PART	_	15 prove	mark
15	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 have	xcomp
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 innocent	nsubj
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 innocent	cop
18	innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 prove	ccomp
19	:	:	PUNCT	_	23 prove	punct
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 accusers	det
21	accusers	accuser	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 prove	nsubj
22	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 prove	aux
23	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 innocent	parataxis
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 guilty	nsubj
25	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 guilty	cop
26	guilty	guilty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 prove	ccomp
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 means	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	prove in a quote	participle					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present	Innocent		until proven guilty		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	accuse	participle		the person not said here			vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
4	not have	present · do-support	the person				tree rules
5	prove	to-infinitive	the person not said here				vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
6	is	present	England			innocent property	tree rules
7	prove	must	the accusers				vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
8	is	present	England			guilty property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/191-a-fair-trial-and-the-wonderland-court-that-gets-it-all-wrong/10/