Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★, sentence 16

One true example against an "all" claim, like a penguin against "all birds can fly", is enough to show it is false.

Who acts: birds, One true example, example · What happens: fly, be, show · To what, where: penguin · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: logic traps and if-then ★★★» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, One true example, example), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 example	nummod
2	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 example	amod
3	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 enough	nsubj
4	against	against	ADP	_	9 claim	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 claim	det
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 all	punct
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 claim	det
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 all	punct
9	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 example	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 penguin	punct
11	like	like	ADP	_	13 penguin	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 penguin	det
13	penguin	penguin	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 claim	nmod
14	against	against	ADP	_	19 fly	mark
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 fly	punct
16	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	17 birds	det
17	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 fly	nsubj
18	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 fly	aux
19	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 penguin	acl:relcl
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 fly	punct
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 example	punct
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 enough	cop
23	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
24	to	to	PART	_	25 show	mark
25	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 enough	advcl
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 false	nsubj
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 false	cop
28	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 show	ccomp
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	23 enough	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	fly in a quote	can	all birds	a penguin not said here		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location penguin=Theme
2	is	present	One true example against a claim like a penguin		enough property	tree rules
3	show	to-infinitive	One true example against a claim like a penguin not said here			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	example		false property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/193-olympiad-logic-traps-and-if-then/16/