The seasons and the tilt of the axis, sentence 3

Low sunlight is weak because it spreads over more ground, just as a torch held at a slant makes a bigger, dimmer patch than a torch pointing straight down.

Who acts: Low sunlight, sunlight, torch · What happens: be, spread, hold, make, point · To what, where: more ground, torch, slant, bigger dimmer patch

This is a sentence of the lesson «The seasons and the tilt of the axis» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Low sunlight, sunlight, torch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sunlight	amod
2	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 weak	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 weak	cop
4	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 spreads	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 spreads	nsubj
7	spreads	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 weak	advcl
8	over	over	ADV	_	9 more	advmod
9	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 ground	amod
10	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 spreads	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 weak	punct
12	just	just	ADV	_	20 makes	advmod
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	20 makes	mark
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 torch	det
15	torch	torch	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 makes	nsubj
16	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 torch	acl
17	at	at	ADP	_	19 slant	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 slant	det
19	slant	slant	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 held	obl
20	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 weak	advcl
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 patch	det
22	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	25 patch	amod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 patch	punct
24	dimmer	dimmer	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	25 patch	amod
25	patch	patch	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 makes	obj
26	than	than	ADP	_	28 torch	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 torch	det
28	torch	torch	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 patch	nmod
29	pointing	point	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	28 torch	acl
30	straight	straight	ADV	_	31 down	advmod
31	down	down	ADV	_	29 pointing	advmod
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 weak	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	Low sunlight			weak property	tree rules
2	spread	present	sunlight	more ground			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	hold	participle		a torch not said here	a slant		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at slant=Location
4	make	present	a torch	a bigger dimmer patch		than a torch	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset patch=Product
5	point	gerund	a torch not said here			down property	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:002-seasons-and-the-tilt.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/2-seasons-and-the-tilt/3/