Clever reasoning about water and matter, sentence 4
Salt is spread on icy roads because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than pure water; the salt dissolves in the thin wet layer on the ice and makes it melt even a few degrees below 0 °C.
Who acts: salty water, salt, water · What happens: spread, freeze, dissolve, make, melt · To what, where: Salt, icy roads, lower temperature, thin wet layer, water, few degrees
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clever reasoning about water and matter» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (salty water, salt, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spread | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 spread | aux:pass |
| 3 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 roads | case |
| 5 | icy | icy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 roads | amod |
| 6 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spread | obl |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 freezes | mark |
| 8 | salty | salty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 water | amod |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 freezes | nsubj |
| 10 | freezes | freeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 spread | advcl |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 temperature | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 temperature | det |
| 13 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 14 temperature | amod |
| 14 | temperature | temperature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 freezes | obl |
| 15 | than | than | ADP | _ | 17 water | case |
| 16 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 water | amod |
| 17 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 temperature | nmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 dissolves | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 salt | det |
| 20 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 dissolves | nsubj |
| 21 | dissolves | dissolve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 freezes | conj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 layer | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 layer | det |
| 24 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 layer | amod |
| 25 | wet | wet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 layer | amod |
| 26 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 dissolves | obl |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 ice | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ice | det |
| 29 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 layer | nmod |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 makes | cc |
| 31 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 dissolves | conj |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 makes | obj |
| 33 | melt | melt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 makes | xcomp |
| 34 | even | even | ADV | _ | 37 degrees | advmod |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 degrees | det |
| 36 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 degrees | amod |
| 37 | degrees | degree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 melt | obl |
| 38 | below | below | ADV | _ | 39 0 | advmod |
| 39 | 0 | 0 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 C. | nummod |
| 40 | ° | ° | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 C. | compound |
| 41 | C. | c. | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 melt | obj |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spread | present · passive | Salt | icy roads | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on road=Destination | ||||
| 2 | freeze | present | salty water | a lower temperature than pure water | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | dissolve | present | the salt | the thin wet layer on the ice | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | make | present | the salt not said here | water | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | melt | infinitive | water not said here | a few degrees | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient c.=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:020-reasoning-water-and-matter.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/20-reasoning-water-and-matter/4/