How plants make their food, sentence 1
A leaf takes in carbon dioxide gas from the air through tiny holes, and water comes up from the roots through the stem.
Who acts: leaf, water · What happens: take in, come up · To what, where: dioxide gas, air, roots
This is a sentence of the lesson «How plants make their food» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leaf, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 leaf | det |
| 2 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 takes | nsubj |
| 3 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 takes | compound:prt |
| 5 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dioxide | compound |
| 6 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gas | compound |
| 7 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 takes | obj |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 air | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 air | det |
| 10 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 takes | obl |
| 11 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 holes | case |
| 12 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 holes | amod |
| 13 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 takes | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 comes | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 comes | cc |
| 16 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 comes | nsubj |
| 17 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 takes | conj |
| 18 | up | up | ADV | _ | 17 comes | advmod |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 roots | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 roots | det |
| 21 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 comes | obl |
| 22 | through | through | ADP | _ | 24 stem | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 stem | det |
| 24 | stem | stem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 comes | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 takes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take in | present | a leaf | dioxide gas | the air | through tiny holes | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent gas=Theme from air=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | come up | present | water | the roots | through the stem | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from root=Initial_Location through stem=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:022-photosynthesis.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/22-photosynthesis/1/