The Moon and its phases, sentence 15
The Moon has no air and no liquid water, and it is covered in craters, round holes made by rocks from space crashing into it; with no wind or rain, the marks stay for ages.
Who acts: Moon, rocks, marks · What happens: have, cover, make, crash, stay · To what, where: air, Moon, round holes
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Moon and its phases» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moon, rocks, marks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Moon | det |
| 2 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 air | det |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 water | cc |
| 7 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 9 water | det |
| 8 | liquid | liquid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 water | amod |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 air | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 covered | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 covered | cc |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 covered | aux:pass |
| 14 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 has | conj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 craters | case |
| 16 | craters | crater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 covered | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 holes | punct |
| 18 | round | round | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 holes | amod |
| 19 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 craters | appos |
| 20 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 holes | acl |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 rocks | case |
| 22 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 made | obl |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 space | case |
| 24 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rocks | nmod |
| 25 | crashing | crash | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 rocks | acl |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 27 it | case |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 crashing | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 stay | punct |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 wind | case |
| 30 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 31 wind | det |
| 31 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 stay | obl |
| 32 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 33 rain | cc |
| 33 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 wind | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 wind | punct |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 marks | det |
| 36 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 stay | nsubj |
| 37 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | parataxis |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 39 ages | case |
| 39 | ages | age | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 stay | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the Moon | no air and no liquid water | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient | ||||
| 2 | cover | present · passive | Moon | in craters | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in crater=Theme | ||||
| 3 | make | participle | round holes not said here | by rocks from space | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 4 | crash | gerund | rocks from space not said here | Moon | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into it=Result | ||||
| 5 | stay | present | the marks | for ages | with no wind or rain | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with wind=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:003-the-moon-and-its-phases.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/3-the-moon-and-its-phases/15/