The skeleton and muscles, sentence 5
A muscle can only pull, never push, so muscles work in pairs: when you bend your arm the biceps at the front pulls, and to straighten it the triceps at the back pulls.
Who acts: muscle, muscles, you, biceps, triceps · What happens: pull, not push, work, bend, straighten · To what, where: arm
This is a sentence of the lesson «The skeleton and muscles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (muscle, muscles, you, biceps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 muscle | det |
| 2 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pull | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 pull | aux |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 pull | advmod |
| 5 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 push | punct |
| 7 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 8 push | advmod |
| 8 | push | push | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 pull | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 work | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 work | advmod |
| 11 | muscles | muscle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 work | nsubj |
| 12 | work | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 push | parataxis |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 pairs | case |
| 14 | pairs | pair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 work | obl |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 bend | punct |
| 16 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 bend | advmod |
| 17 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 bend | nsubj |
| 18 | bend | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 pulls | advcl |
| 19 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 arm | nmod:poss |
| 20 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 bend | obj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 biceps | det |
| 22 | biceps | biceps | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 pulls | nsubj |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 pulls | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 pulls | det |
| 25 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 pulls | amod |
| 26 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 work | parataxis |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 straighten | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 pulls | cc |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 straighten | mark |
| 30 | straighten | straighten | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 pulls | advcl |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 straighten | obj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 triceps | det |
| 33 | triceps | triceps | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 pulls | nsubj |
| 34 | at | at | ADP | _ | 37 pulls | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 pulls | det |
| 36 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 pulls | compound |
| 37 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 pulls | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 pull | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pull | can | a muscle | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | not push | infinitive | a muscle not said here | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | work | present | muscles | in pairs | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in pair=Theme | ||||
| 4 | bend | present | you | your arm | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent arm=Material | ||||
| 5 | pull | present | the biceps | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | straighten | to-infinitive | the triceps not said here | arm | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 7 | pull | present | the triceps | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:031-skeleton-and-muscles.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/31-skeleton-and-muscles/5/